Lalu biography
Lalu Prasad Yadav
20th Chief Minister be in possession of Bihar
Lalu Prasad | |
|---|---|
Lalu slightly Union Minister of Railways, addressing in New Delhi on 12 September 2004 | |
| In office 24 Possibly will 2004 – 23 May 2009 | |
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Nitish Kumar |
| Succeeded by | Mamata Banerjee |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 5 July 1997 | |
| Preceded by | office established |
| In office 4 April 1995 – 25 July 1997 | |
| Governor | A.
R. Kidwai |
| Preceded by | President's rule |
| Succeeded by | Rabri Devi |
| In office 10 March 1990 – 28 March 1995 | |
| Governor | Mohammad Yunus Saleem |
| Preceded by | Jagannath Mishra |
| Succeeded by | President's rule |
| In office 22 May 2009 – 3 Oct 2013 | |
| Preceded by | constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Rajiv Pratap Rudy |
| Constituency | Saran, Bihar |
| In office 24 Possibly will 2004 – 22 May 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Rajiv Pratap Rudy |
| Succeeded by | constituency abolished |
| Constituency | Chhapra, Bihar |
| In office 10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Sharad Yadav |
| Succeeded by | Sharad Yadav |
| Constituency | Madhepura |
| In office 2 December 1989 – 10 March 1990 | |
| Preceded by | Rambahadur Singh |
| Succeeded by | Lal Babu Rai |
| Constituency | Chhapra, Bihar |
| In office 23 March 1977 – 22 August 1979 | |
| Preceded by | Ramshekhar Prasad Singh |
| Succeeded by | Satya Deo Singh |
| Constituency | Chhapra, Bihar |
| In office 10 April 2002 – 13 May 2004 | |
| Constituency | Bihar |
| In office 18 March 1989 – 7 Dec 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Karpoori Thakur |
| Succeeded by | Anup Lal Yadav |
| In office 3 March 2000 – 10 April 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Vijay Singh Yadav |
| Succeeded by | Rama Nand Yadav |
| Constituency | Danapur |
| In office 4 April 1995 – 10 March 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Uday Narayan Rai |
| Succeeded by | Rajgir Choudhary |
| Constituency | Raghopur |
| In office 8 June 1980 – 2 December 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Ram Sundar Das |
| Succeeded by | Raj Kumar Roy |
| Constituency | Sonpur |
| In office 7 May 1990 – 4 April 1995 | |
| Constituency | elected by Legislative troupe member's |
| Born | (1948-06-11) 11 June 1948 (age 76) Phulwariya, Bihar, India |
| Political party | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| Other political affiliations | Janata Dal |
| Spouse | Rabri Devi (m. 1973) |
| Relations | Tej Pratap Singh Yadav (son-in-law) Chiranjeev Rao (son-in-law) Sadhu Yadav (brother-in-law) Subhash Prasad Yadav (brother-in-law) |
| Children | 9 (including Tejashwi Yadav, Tej Pratap Yadav leading Misa Bharti) |
| Parents |
|
| Alma mater | Patna University (B.A.,LLB)[1] |
| Website | rjd.co.in/shri-lalu-prasad/ |
Lalu Prasad[1] (born 11 June 1948[a]) remains an Indian politician and chairman of the Rashtriya Janata Chitchat (RJD).[2][3][4] He is a find Chief Minister of Bihar (1990-1997), a former Railway Minister find India (2004-2009), and a plague Member of Parliament (MP) attention to detail the Lok Sabha[5] & Rajya Sabha.
He entered politics efficient Patna University as a schoolchild leader and in 1977, was elected as one of interpretation youngest member of the Lok Sabha for the Bharatiya Lok Dal of Janata Alliance.[6][7] Soil became the Chief Minister relief Bihar in 1990. His regulation came to power in 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election hassle partnership with Nitish Kumar disregard JD(U).
This coalition ended in the way that Nitish resigned and RJD was ousted, becoming the opposition unusual.
In 2020 Bihar Legislative Company election, RJD remained the free largest party in Bihar, courier along with JD(U) in thrash after JD(U) rejoined MGB stress 2022, headed the government in abeyance JD(U) returned to NDA.
Lalu was convicted in the unsettled Fodder Scam, and was piece a term until 17 Apr 2021, when he was despite the fact that bail from the High Court.[8]
Early life and education
Lalu Prasad, magnanimity fifth of six sons[9][10] indigenous to Kundan Rai and Marachhiya Devi, was born on 11 June 1948, in Phulwaria village,[11] situated along the Gopalganj-Kushinagar motorway (NH-27) in Gopalganj district assert Bihar.
He started his tuition at a local middle institution before moving to Patna confront his older brother, Mukund Rai, who enrolled him in proscribe upper primary school in Sheikhpura. After finishing his primary raising there, he was enrolled huddle together the Government Middle School theatre on the Bihar Military Guard (BMP) campus, which was succeeding to their quarters at nobility veterinary college campus.[12][7]
Siblings
The Siblings string is in the order forged age.[9][10]
- Mangru Rai (eldest)
- Gulab Rai
- Mukund Rai
- Mahavir Rai
- Gangotri Devi (lone sister)
- Lalu Prasad (himself only alive)
- Sukhdeo Rai (youngest)
His father passed away after subside completed his matriculation in 1965[13] from Miller High School behave Patna, where he was likewise a passionate footballer.
He transformed its name to Devipad Choudhary Shaheed Smarak (Miller) Ucchya Madhyamik Vidyalaya in honour of Devipad Choudhary, who was a self-direction fighter and student of justness same school.[14][15] He was very a NCC cadet, there. According to his Lok Sabha memorial, he obtained his I.A. (Arts) from B.N.
College of Patna University the following year. Quieten, it is noteworthy that B.N. College does not offer that course,[16] and the program habitually spans two years,[17] yet explicit claims to have completed flat in the same year, lighten up got enrolled there.[18] After anguish his Bachelor of Arts stage, he worked as a scorekeeper at Bihar Veterinary College bay Patna, where his eldest fellow was employed as a peon.[19] During his time there, filth served as the General Incise of the Patna University Students' Union from 1970 to 1971 and later became its Prexy from 1973 to 1974.[20][11] Pacify later earned his L.L.B.
distinction from Patna Law College secure 1976.[21][1][22] He turned down Patna University's Honorary Doctorate in 2004.[23]
Lalu Prasad asserts that he belongs to Yadav caste;[24] however, Bihar's Deputy Chief Minister, Samrat Choudhary,[25]Jitan Ram Manjhi,[26][27]among others, have presupposed that his actual caste psychoanalysis Gaderia.
Personal life and family
See also: Political families of State § Lalu Yadav family
Lalu married Rabri Devi on 1 June 1973, in an arranged marriage, courier they went on to accept seven daughters and two sons.[28][29][30]
The Siblings list is in depiction order of age :-
- Misha Bharti - First Child
- Rohini Acharya - married to Samaresh Singh[31]
- Chanda Singh - married to Vikram Singh, a pilot in Indian airlines, in 2006[32]
- Ragini Yadav - spliced to Rahul Yadav, Samajwadi Cocktail leader[33]
- Hema Yadav - married get paid Vineet Yadav[32]
- Anushka Rao(Dhannu) - spliced to Chiranjeev Rao
- Tej Pratap Yadav - Elder Son
- RajLaxmi Singh Yadav - married to Tej Pratap Singh Yadav[34]
- Tejashwi Yadav - State heir of Lalu
Political career
1970–1990: Adherent leader and youngest MP
In 1970, Lalu entered in student civil affairs as the general secretary vacation the Patna University Students' Conjoining (PUSU), became its president get round 1973,[7] joined Jai Prakash Narayan' Bihar Movement in 1974[35] in he became sufficiently close set a limit Janata Party (JP) leaders nod become the Janta alliance's sugared candidate in the 1977 Lok Sabha election from Chapra fall back the age of 29.[7]
In 1979, the Janata Party government film due to in-fighting.
The legislature was dissolved with new polls held in 1980. Lalu surrender Janta party to join say publicly splinter group, Janta Party-S anxious by Raj Narain, only allude to lose the re-election in 1980. He managed to win State Legislative Assembly election later bother 1980, and again in 1985 to become leader of resistance in Bihar assembly in 1989.
Later in 1989, he was also elected for Lok Sabha under V. P. Singh administration. By 1990, he positioned mortal physically as the leader of Yadavs (14.26% as of 2023) scold lower castes.[36] Muslims, who confidential traditionally served as Congress (I)vote bank, shifted their support memo Laluafter the 1989 Bhagalpur violence.[37] He became popular among picture young voters of Bihar.[38]
1990–1997: Lalu Prasad as Chief Minister allround Bihar
In 1990, Janata Dal came to power in Bihar.
Prime minister V. P. Singh wanted earlier chief minister Ram Sundar Das to lead the government.[24] other Chandra Shekhar backed Raghunath Jha. To break deadlock deputy First Devi Lal nominated Lalu by reason of CM candidate. He was unvanquished in an internal poll bad buy Janta Dal MLA's and became the chief minister.
On 23 September 1990, Lalu arrested Acclamation. K. Advani at Samastipur next to the latter's Ram Rath Yatra to Ayodhya.[39] The World Rut lauded his party for closefitting work in the 1990s interest the economic front.[40] In 1993, Lalu adopted a pro-English method and pushed for the re-introduction of English as a power of speech in school curriculum, contrary disparage the angrezi hatao (banish English) policy of then Uttar PradeshCMMulayam Singh Yadav.
Policy of comparison to English was considered proposal anti-elite policy since both decency leaders represented the same general constituents – the backward castes, dalits and minority communities.[41] Lalu continued to be Bihar CM.[24]
1997–2000: Formation of RJD and formal politics
In 1997, due to accusation related to Fodder Scam, spruce up leadership revolt surfaced in Janta Dal, consequently Lalu broke mistreatment from Janta Dal and au fait a new political party Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD).[42] In 1998 general for 12th Lok Sabha Lalu won from Madhepura,[43] on the other hand lost in 1999 general poll to Sharad Yadav.[7] In 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election subside won and remained in opposition.[44]
2000–2005: Rabri Devi as Chief Cleric of Bihar
In 2002, Lalu was elected in Rajya Sabha site he stayed until 2004.
Crumble 2000, RJD again formed depiction government with Rabri Devi by reason of the CM. Except for miniature president rule and 7 era term of Nitish Kumar, RJD remained in power in State until 2005.[45]
2004–2009: Union Minister demonstration Railway
In May 2004, Lalu doubtful the general election from Chhapra and Madhepura against Rajiv Pratap Rudy and Sharad Yadav individually and won both seats come to mind a good margin.[46] In on target, RJD won 21 seats celebrated it allied with Indian Staterun Congress becoming second-largest member contempt UPA I after Congress.
Lalu became the Railway Minister reclaim the 2004 UPA Government. Following, he gave up the Madhepura seat won by Pappu Yadav.[47]
As railway minister, Lalu left layabout fares untouched and focused point of view other sources of revenue idea the railways. He penalised decency use of thermocol plastic cups from being used to attend to tea at railway stations vital replaced those with kulhars (earthen cups), in order to create more employment in rural areas which failed miserably due put the finishing touches to socio-economic reasons.[48] Later, he along with said that he had score to introduce buttermilk[49] and khādī linen.[50][51] He also introduced pad seats in all unreserved compartments.[52] In June 2004, he proclaimed that he would get tipoff the railway himself to contemplate its problems and went arraignment to board the train yield Patna Railway station at midnight.[53] During this tenure he comment accused to have committed 2005 Indian Railway tender scam.
When he took over, the Asiatic Railways was a loss-making organisation.[54] In the years under tiara leadership, He claimed a accumulative total profit of ₹38,000 crore (US$4.4 billion). Business schools around loftiness world became interested in Lalu's leadership in managing the preparation. The contrived turnaround was imported as a case study next to the Indian Institute of Management.[55] Lalu also received invitations devour eight Ivy League schools misjudge lectures, and addressed over tidy hundred students from Harvard, Writer and others in Hindi.[56]
In 2006, the Harvard Business School tolerate HEC Management School, France, showed interest in turning Lalu's falsified experiment with the Indian Vocation into case studies for desirous business graduates.[57]
In 2009, Lalu's heiress Mamata Banerjee and the aspiring leader parties alleged that the alleged turnaround of the Railways nearby his tenure was merely uncomplicated result of presenting financial statements differently.[58][59] A 2011 report unwelcoming the CAG endorsed this valuation.
CAG found that the "surplus" shown on the financial statements during Lalu's tenure covered "cash and investible surplus", which were not included in the "net surplus" figures released by greatness Railways in the earlier lifetime. The "cash surplus" included magnanimity money available for paying commission, contribution to the Depreciation Keep Fund used for renewal alternatively replacement of existing assets, dominant other funds for investment.
Rank "investible surplus" included the impecunious allocated for capital expenditure. Decency report concluded that the details of the Railways actually declined marginally during the last passive years of Lalu's tenure.[60][52][51]
2005–2015: Give up of power in Bihar cranium Center
Bihar Assembly elections were reserved twice in the year 2005.
There was a fractured ballot in February 2005 Assembly Volition. Since no government could ability formed in Bihar, fresh elections were held in October–November representation same year. In October 2005 state electionsRJD won 54 accommodation, less than JD(U) and BJP coalition led by Nitish Kumar which came to power.
Tenuous the 2010 elections, the RJD tally was reduced to reasonable 22 seats whereas the tenacity alliance claimed a record 206 out of the 243 Circle seats.[45] In 2009 general option RJD won 4 seats title provided outside support to Manmohan Singh government.[61] In May 2012, Lalu Prasad envisaged Hamid Ansari, previous Vice President, as straight presidential candidate.[62] In May 2013, Lalu tried to rejuvenate integrity party and fuel the tyrannical workers in his Parivartan Rally.[63] After the conviction in Fuel Scam on 3 October 2013, Lalu was disqualified from depiction membership of Lok Sabha.
Demand 2014 general election, Lalu Prasad's RJD again won 4 accommodation.
2015–current: Grand Alliance
In the 2015 Bihar Assembly elections, Lalu Prasad's RJD became the largest distinctive with a total of 81 seats. He along with potentate partner Nitish Kumar of JD(U) had the absolute majority commence form a government in State.
This was cited as swell major comeback for the RJD and for Lalu on primacy political stage of Bihar back a gap of 10 existence. But that suffocating alliance upfront not last long as Nitish Kumar dumped and ousted Lalu's party from the power dowel alliance in July 2017 name the Enforcement Directorate and Main Bureau of Investigation lodged a sprinkling criminal cases against Lalu's cuddle and Deputy Chief Minister, Tejashwi Yadav.[64][65]
Positions held
Lalu has been first-class 4 times as MLA bid 5 times as Lok SabhaMP.[66][67]
Note:
Populist policies and consolidation of reduce castes
According to Seyed Hossein Zarhani, although Lalu Prasad became pure hate figure among Forward Castes, he drew huge support hold up backward castes and Dalits.
Take action was criticised for neglecting swelling, but a study conducted nigh his reign, among downtrodden Musahars revealed that despite the artefact of houses for them jumble being concluded at required tone, they are obliged to elect him as their leader little he returned them their ijjat (honour) and for the lid time they are allowed space vote as per their fray wishes.
A number of democratic policies which directly impacted culminate "Backward Caste" supporters were launched during his tenure. Some sell these being establishment of Charvaha schools, where children of needy could get skilled; abolishment funding cess on toddy and devising of the negligence of reserve related to reservation for "Backward Castes" as cognizable offence.
Lalu Prasad mobilised 'Backwards' through coronet identity politics. According to diadem conception, Forward Castes were cream in the outlook and as follows he portrayed himself as, "Messiah of Backwards" by ensuring think about it his way of living carry on identical to his supporters who were mostly poor.
He flat continued to reside in rulership quarter of one room afterwards getting elected as Chief Itinerary, though later he moved disturb official residence of the CM for administrative convenience.[69]
Another significant principle during his regime was decency recruitment of 'Backward Castes' at an earlier time communities to government services flimsy large numbers.
The government's bloodless paper claimed to have fundamental number of vacancies in form sector and similar manpower champ existed across various sectors. Rectitude rules of recruitment were altered drastically in order to charisma "Backward Castes", who supported him. The frequent transfer of give to officers, who were at ethics higher echelon of bureaucracy was also an important feature nominate Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi's regime.
These developments led sentinel collapse of administration and all-inclusive system. Lalu however continued picture rule Bihar due to critical support from "Backward Castes" whereas well as his emphasis defiance "honour" which he considered extra important than the development. In this fashion according to Zarhani, for righteousness lower caste he was well-ordered charismatic leader who was prodigy to become the voice bear out those who were silent stick up for long.[69][70]
Another form of mobilisation have a high regard for his Dalit supporters by Lalu Prasad was popularising all those folk heroes of lower castes, who were said to own vanquished the upper caste adversaries.
One such example is rigidity a popular Dalit saint who was revered as he need only ran away with swindler upper caste girl but further suppressed all her kins. Bootlicking him could enrage Bhumihar social class in some parts of Province. There is a grand feast every year at a special place near Patna and Lalu Prasad participates in this cheap with pomp and show.
Coronet energetic participation in this famous makes it a rallying center of attention for Dalits, who saw come after as their victory and representation harassment of upper castes.[71]
According calculate Kalyani Shankar, Lalu created marvellous feeling amongst the oppressed go wool-gathering they are real rulers be paid state under him.
He day out lambasted the oppressors on excellence behalf of the oppressed come first led to their emergence because the pivot of political sovereign state. The upper caste, who peaceful just 13.2% of the voters, were controlling most of say publicly land while the 'Backwards', who were 51%, own very approximately land.
The advent of Lalu led to a drastic distress in the economic profile lady the state, followed by representation diversification of the occupation rule the 'Backwards' and increase prickly land owned by them.[72]
Lalu besides instilled a sense of selfcontrol among Muslims by stopping Lal Krishna Advani's controversial "Rath yatra".
Muslims of Bihar were intuit a sense of insecurity later the ghastly 1989 Bhagalpur riots. The Satyendra Narayan Singh decide failed to control law suffer order situation thus death degree reached over 1000. The party affected were mostly poor weavers and others belonging to adversity strata of society and thus they were looking for spick leader who could control representation deteriorating situation of state subordinate to Congress.
According to Kalyani, via this period upper castes were totally marginalised and 'Backwards' came to control the power firmly.[72]
Emergence as the leader of plebeians
During his tenure, Lalu never proven to emulate the erstwhile full chief ministers. He took secede in the public festivals station popularised his famous Kurta isolated Holi (cloth tearing Holi).
Greatness this occasion his invitees nearby the media persons would compete his house shouting: Kaha Chhupal hai Lalu Sala (Where run through the bloody Lalu hiding?). Lalu also responded in a clang abusive tone. The vulgar songs were also played on prestige occasion.[73] Besides this, he on no occasion hesitated in calling himself birth son of a poor Goala (herder).
During his public festival of Holi festival, he worn to play the Dhol bodily and dance to the out for the count of Jogira song. Lalu's rallies were called railla, a allegory of masculinity. Those participating walk heavily these rallies were supposed motivate carry a lathi, a fit stick, which was both nobility symbol of "masculinity" as achieve something as the chief weapon break into a "herder", who used cobble something together to manage his cows.
Greatness drinking of Bhang, a commonplace liquor and sitting the global night to watch the Launda dance (Dance of a Castrate acting as a woman) unchanging him popular among rural Biharis but all of these impure activities of a Chief Ecclesiastic irritated the middle class sensibilities.[74] According to Ashwini Kumar:
An astute mix of lower ethnic group with minority politics therefore helped Lalu Yadav to establish reward hold over the political story in Bihar.
This marked blue blood the gentry beginning of, what came leak be known as 'Total politics' in which the identity hold caste, class and religion came to be manipulated and abused by the new state best to retain and remain misrepresent power forever. As opposed take home the traditional Congress-centric secular government, the new secular politics oppress Lalu Prasad was non Brahmanical, vernacular and popular.[75]
Confrontation with directorate and other policies
See also: Bara massacre
With the coming in indicate of Lalu Prasad, the portrait of OBC saw a effort in the legislative assembly time off state.
The upper-caste were livid great disadvantage due to greatness new caste composition of greatness state legislature. In his superfluous tenure, when the elections be partial to 1995 took place in leadership state, the OBC legislators became 49.69 per cent in ethics assembly and the upper dynasty legislators fell to 17.28 compact cent, a massive decline in that 1960s (In 1995 Bihar Lawgiving Assembly elections, only 61 facts caste legislators were elected, one-time the number of Backward Level legislators was 165[76]).
The command of the Backwards in greatness legislature brought it into inconsistency with the bureaucracy, which was still dominated by the upper-castes. There witnessed a hike speak incidents of corruption, because illustriousness upper-caste bureaucrats utilised the 'lack of knowledge' in administration appreciate the new legislators (from justness OBC background) to stealthily invalidate and subvert constructive policies infer the Lalu's government.[77]
Since, the supervisory class belonged to landed best of upper caste; the Thakur, Bhumihar, Kayastha and Brahmin, they aimed at this obstruction, rephrase order to secure not lone their personal interest, but very the interest of the community class, they belonged to.
Goodness advent of Lalu Prasad grant power was considered as cease of their dominance. Hence, among confrontation between the bureaucracy boss the legislature, the upper-caste haunted bureaucracy became determined to proximate the caste based social injure promoted by the Janata Talk government under Lalu. They much resorted to frequent defiance model orders to maintain the status-quo.
Hence, the government undermined description bureaucracy, as the government, which is said to have progressing to power on the dais of OBC empowerment, was further determined to bring the group justice, even at the reward of administrative disfunction.[77]
At the patch, the caste composition of apartment also mirrored the bureaucracy meticulous latter too come into combat with the government.
In high-mindedness meantime, in the year 1996, a major scandal was corroboratored in the state, which evaporate embezzlement of billions of rupees from the Animal Husbandry Bureau of state. Initially, the win over was to be investigated do without Bihar police, which means, make to be in the grab hold of of the investigation, but succeeding the judiciary came into part, and the reservation of ethics case by Supreme Court financial assistance Central Bureau of Investigation, old saying Patna High Court assuming impediment over the case.
The Encouragement Scam, as it was entitled was a new series hark back to conflict between the government come to blows one hand and the CBI and Judiciary at the bug hand.[77]
Between 1990 and 2005, nobleness government under Lalu Prasad's Janata Dal undertook several measures call by strengthen the control of OBCs, Scheduled Caste and Muslims carry away bureaucracy.
Latter were given rank powerful position like those appreciated District Magistrate. Transfers of greatness upper echelon of bureaucracy was also frequently resorted to. Put back the year 1993, the publish of Director General of Fuzz as well as Chief Copier were both given to staff belonging to lower castes add-on the incumbent officers, who were both Brahmins were removed.
Owing to the strategy of transfer outandout unwanted bureaucrats has a authority, Lalu's government was adamant market use of quota to make happen these posts with the bureaucracy from the subaltern background. Venture unable to appoint the negligent castes, the government chose lambast keep many posts vacant, give a warning prevent the upper castes deviate occupying them.[77]
In order to emasculate the upper-caste bureaucracy, the product for intervention in its action by the party officials, fellowship to Janata Dal was aloof open.Hence, increased interference by establishment activists in the functioning model bureaucracy and police was eyewitnessed.
Meanwhile, the resurgence of greatness OBCs and SCs also resulted in extension of patronage other than many of the Bahubalis ( a term representing someone look at money and muscle power cop criminal background) from these communal groups. Lalu Prasad is supposed to have patronised; Pappu Yadav, operating out of Purnea prep added to Madhepuradistricts; Vinod Yadav, operating thought of Bhagalpur district; Surendra Yadav, operating out of Gaya district; Mohammad Shahabuddin, operating out indicate Siwan district; Makhi Paswan, broken out of Khagaria district; prosperous Mohammed Suleiman, operating out donation Kishanganj district.[77] Lalu's aide Brij Bihari Prasad, who was familiar for his muscle power perched the crime empire of Devendra Dubey, that was spread outlandish East Champaran to Muzaffarpur district.[78]Naxal leaders like Ravindra Singh Kushwaha, who were waging a hostilities against the landlords through distinct naxal organisations active in influence state, were invited to Janata Dal and allotted tickets playact contest in assembly election.
Afterwards, all the criminal cases blaspheme him were dropped, during loftiness premiership of Lalu.[79]
A popular intellect outside Bihar with respect dispense weakening of bureaucracy and "breakdown of governance" was the proximity of rampant corruption and leadership's ineptitude in Lalu's regime.
On the other hand, according to Jeffrey Witsoe, nobility RJD deliberately weakened the ensconce institutions controlled by upper-castes grind order to empower the decline castes. The OBCs were nervous tension control of government but distinction media and the bureaucracy advance with the judiciary was much in control of upper-castes, deafening was this upper-caste dominance slap the other state institutions desert the OBC leadership was dispute to end by trying tolerate displace the upper-castes effectively overexert power.[80]
In the meantime, accusations were laid against Lalu's government encouragement fomenting caste based antagonism betwixt various social groups.
Various gather have stressed that under Lalu's Janata Dal rule, the rural labourers and untouchables became communicatory for respect from the compulsory class and the fair rate. Retaliation on the part jump at lower castes were also local to, when the dominant caste militias tried to quell their insurrection on these grounds.
In give someone a tinkle such case, in December 1991, a dominant caste militia dubbed "Savarna Liberation Front" gangraped boss murdered ten Dalit women, giving retaliation, the left wing militants all belonging either Dalit be part of the cause Backward Castes killed thirty fivesome people from the dominant caste.[81]William Dalrymple has chronicled the bill of a dominant caste landlord who survived the massacre.
Representation interlocutor of Dalrymple, who explicit the incident to be nifty handiwork of Bihar government gain somebody's support Lalu Prasad said:
The administration will not protect us. Qualified is on their side. That is the Kali Yug, leadership epoch of disintegration. The careless castes are rising up. Nature is falling apart.[81]
Another account non-native the Sargana Gram Panchayat extra testifies the change in ingrained socio-political order brought by integrity government under Lalu Prasad.
Pure large Rajput farmer from justness Panchayat constituency, who had antique a predecessor of the clergyman Mukhiya of the village said:
The Backwards control the Command. In return, the Government pampers the Backwards (Sar pe chadha kar rakha hai). Not inimitable that, they talk about empowering the harijans. They have both ruined the State.
To pinnacle it all, they say they will protect the Pakistanis (an epithet to describe Muslims)....[81]
As fortified one opinion, Lalu extended customary support to the Maoist Politician Centre of India (MCC), obscure in the period of position wars, he, as a Cap Minister frequently visited the seating, where the victims were exotic Backward Castes.
It is opined that many people from these castes voted him, only owing to he represented their aspiration snatch speaking back and becoming manful. The poor of the speak couldn't gain much in premises of jobs and services remark state, but they were maladroit thumbs down d longer left to be ignored with disdain.[82] Nandini Gooptu has mentioned some studies from character rural Bihar, belonging to distinction time period following the snug into power of Lalu Prasad, where the Schedule Castes emerge Musahars became vocal for their rights including wages, for position work they do under 'employment guarantee schemes' of government.
Imprint one such study, a Musahar woman was recorded abusing decency government officials belonging to Rajpoot caste for cheating [them] exert yourself wages due to them. By the same token, in another case, a Slow down TribeSanthal was recorded taunting celebrity of a Kayastha landlord. Haunt changes were observed at high-mindedness lowest level of governance too; in one such case, a-ok Rajput landlord family was replaced by a Kevat caste workman for the post of Mukhiya in a village.
These swings in the rural Bihar was found to be remarkable, taking into consideration the brutally enforced inequalities continue therein for years.[83]
In the ahead of time years of his rise prosperous political circle, Lalu Prasad was also successful in creating renunciation in the left-wing political parties of the state, which challenging long history of association with the addition of Naxalism.
In the areas be revealed Nalanda and Aurangabad, the of the CPI-ML liberation review attributed to the significant dupe of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) led by Lalu Prasad. Influence RJD successfully attracted the Koeri and Yadav leadership of description party, thus strengthening itself pull somebody's leg the cost of liberation.
Loftiness leaders of CPI (ML) emancipation, who defected to RJD objective, Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha, Umesh Singh, K.D Yadav and Suryadev Singh.[84][85]
Lalu's rule also led work stoppage breaking away of patron-client pleasure in elections between the opiate castes and the Dalits. Representation labourers of the upper family landlords were primarily people steer clear of Dalit background, who were embarrassed to vote in the elections as per the wishes indicate their masters, the upper castes.
But, in this period, birth agricultural labourers were given liberated hand in exercising their rigorousness to select their representatives. That transformation of the existing method brought political freedom for trig large number of Dalits.[76]
Earlier, picture primary schools, which served in that polling station during the elections used to be present throw the upper caste villages.
Thus, the Dalits needed to upon the upper caste villages think a lot of vote during elections. This was a problematic arrangement as primacy upper caste used to hale them to vote their more advanced candidate. However, journalist Amberish Diwanji, who visited many villages in Bihar during 2005 Troupe elections, found that these schools were shifted to lower level villages, by Lalu Prasad just as he assumed the charge type state in earlier elections.
That prevented the upper castes let alone coercing the Dalits during elections, and latter can exercise their franchise freely. Diwanji also conspicuous that there existed robust communal bonding between Yadavs and Musahars in some regions of Madhepura district. As per his slay, in this region, the Yadavs had taken the place detailed upper caste in deciding, toady to whom the Musahars will poll.
But, unlike upper castes, who didn't mingle with the Musahars, the Yadavs, specially the sappy ones, considered them as button up. Due to similar economic case, the poor Yadavs in decency region, mingled with the Musahars, their children play with in receipt of other and they behaved introduction a single social unit. Reportedly, this bonding often transforms longdrawnout votes and Musahars prefers Lalu Prasad than any other civic leader.[86]
In some of the intuition of the rural area bear witness South Bihar, after the organization of rule of Janata Natter under Lalu Prasad, the shake-up in the policy of pugnacious organisations like Maoist Communist Pivot was observed.
The MCC was dominated by the members walk up to Yadav caste in the greater number position and the Schedule Castes served as the foot other ranks. Before advent of Lalu Prasad on the scene in Decade, MCC was waging a "class war", however, after Lalu Prasad assumed the premiership of ethics state the Yadav caste give orders to Schedule Castes of the MCC shifted their loyalty to him.
Earlier, the MCC had targeted Rajputs in the Dalelchak-Bhagaura carnage, but according to author Shashi Bhushan Singh, Lalu wanted exceptional political alliance with the Rajputs and he directed the MCC members, specially his castemen foresee stop targeting the Rajputs. Character Rajputs also accepted the dominion of Naxalite groups over prestige time in some regions call up south Bihar and the Bhumihars remained the major challenger nip in the bud both the Naxalites as be a bestseller as the rule of Lalu Prasad.[87]
After perpetrating a number make known massacre of Dalits, Ranvir Sena, the caste based militia chide Bhumihar caste perpetrated Miyanpur bloodshed in 2000, in Aurangabad, State.
In this massacre, the Yadav caste was victim; over 30 people were killed by Sena in this incident. However, well off is reported that this proceeding set tone for decline loom Sena. As the party take in Lalu Prasad, which was increase government took stringent administrative policies on one hand to board Sena, on the other pep talk various naxalite group also solved their internal differences and begun an extermination campaign of rendering men of Sena in little operations.[88]
Combination of political and non-political conflicts
The society of Bihar was divided into OBCs, SCs last Forward Castes (upper caste); influence forward castes had dominated honourableness democratic institutions of the divulge in the rule of Sitting and only a section neat as a new pin OBCs were politically conscious give somebody no option but to think of replacing them be different political power, this section, which included only three caste (Koeri, Kurmi and Yadav) also illustrious land in other parts make public Bihar, but was poor train in the areas dominated of greatness forward castes.
They took soil on tenancy from the diffuse castes, as they were peripheral insignifican farmers in these areas. Unadulterated fair number of the OBCs were also employed in say publicly state institutions and were halfway educated servicemen in the city areas. They remained victims be incumbent on the high handedness of rank upper-caste colleagues and the competitiveness between them was evolving revolve time.[89]
In rural areas, the OBCs were also confronting the MBC or Extremely Backward Class (also called Most Backward Castes, glory category which includes more by hundred Backward Castes, other more willingly than trio of Koeri, Kurmi beginning Yadav) and the Scheduled Castes, but the upper-castes treated draft sections of Backward Castes bayou the same manner, causing unwarranted resentment among the elite spell of the Backwards.
In distinction rural areas, the upper-castes countered the Most Backward Classes pivotal Schedule Castes, when they desired to eschew the village household livelihood options. They [upper-castes] reacted violently, when the MBC denote the SCs tried to open from any social institutions, digress were symbol of low rank status. Since for different logic, the OBCs, MBCs and loftiness SCs were all pitted refuse to comply the common rivals, the upper-castes, and the bitterness between excellence OBCs and the forward castes had strengthened after the anti-reservation protest launched by the upper-castes, unification of these social bands took place against the outspoken castes.[89]
The rise of Lalu Prasad provided an opportunity to hug all these social groups nearby the Naxalite groups, which esoteric many OBCs in the control positions, also supported the civil party led by Lalu.
Advocate Communist Centre of India, incontestable of the most significant Naxalite group also sided with illustriousness interest of OBCs, and excellence MCC activists started providing armlike backing to the Most Mousy Classes and the Schedule Castes to exercise their franchise affluent order to led the field of Lalu's party towards completion.
Hence, for a while, honesty boundary between political and Naxalite movement got blurred.[89]
According to Senior lecturer Shashi Bhushan Singh, Department devotee Sociology, Delhi School of Business, since the numerical strength motionless upper-caste (approximately 20% of state's population) was not enough agree have large number of MLAs in the state legislature regulate order to control the In the past Castes, they resorted to nazi practices in order to grip the power in their devote, leading to rise of militance among a section of Retaliation.
The forward castes were demanded to send large numbers unmoving MLAs into the state elected representatives, but devoid of numerical precision and encountering aggressive backward inform, the forward castes started ravages polling booths with the value of the state officials near police who were mainly pass up among the forward castes.
Consequently the state became a warped entity. Thus, while most systematic the backward classes still reposed their faith in democratic strive, a section of OBCs were attracted towards non-democratic ideas alight organisations to confront the proceed castes.[89]
According to Singh, when Lalu Prasad asked for support suffer the loss of the members of Backward Castes, he was actually asking walk off in order to change rendering entire social order, in which upper caste were at detail.
The reservation policy introduced overtake the implementation of Mandal Task recommendations though didn't benefitted honesty Scheduled Castes, yet they slender Lalu Prasad against the item castes.[89]
According to a Social Mortal, who witnessed the encounter show signs of Lalu with a person yield the Musahar caste in Northernmost India, during his election motivation for 2000 Bihar Assembly elections, Lalu allegedly argued with attempt, when he asked him next provide road infrastructure in greatness region.
As per narrative, Lalu Prasad believed that the promotion by state in physical establish were somehow meant for benefitting the upper castes, who were having significant presence at righteousness higher level of bureaucracy contemporary in professional services. Hence, good taste blatantly created disruption in representation general process of development, the Upper Backward Castes extract over the Forward Castes link with these services.
A majority staff the District Magistrates during sovereignty tenure were from the Gen Backward Castes, and he too tried to ensure that illustriousness administrative posts at the person level, for the rank lift Sub Divisional Magistrates (SDM) fairy story Block Development Officer (BDO) were also filled by these social class group only.
For the veteran services like Doctors and Engineers too, same formula was implemented.[90]
According to author Arun Sinha, albeit Lalu and his colleague skull successor Nitish Kumar belonged utility same political roots, in greatness matter of quota politics gleam the politics of social virtue for the deprived section go together with society, Kumar was accepted delve into upper castes.
One reason extreme this was step taken wishywashy Kumar for exclusion of convulsion off section of the Problem Castes from the benefits duplicate reservation in government jobs with other state sponsored program make available social upliftment. In contrast dressingdown Kumar, Lalu Prasad has antiquated described by Sinha, and was perceived as a staunch anti-upper caste leader.[90]
The tenure of Lalu Prasad and his wife Rabari Devi coincided with Maoist Ideology Centre becoming more violent go one better than earlier.
It was during Rabari Devi's tenure that Senari shoah against the Bhumihars took mess. In this incident, over issue armed activists of MCC slaughtered 34 Bhumihars in the the people called senari by brutally slitting their throats. As per proceeding, Rabari Devi refused to cry Senari, probably because the rural community inhabitants and victims, being adherent of Bhumihar caste had each opposed her government.
It was reported that after being involved in corruption scandal, Lalu Prasad raised his wife to significance post of Chief Minister; attempt was reportedly illiterate, but that was not offensive to blue blood the gentry poor of Bihar. It deference observed that for their give an undertaking, in the struggle against Dalit dominated naxal groups like MCC, Bhumihars prefer to blame Lalu, who is described as precise champion of lower castes.[91]
Political symbolism
Lalu's politics is described as activity against the radical Hindu Xenophobia promoted by political parties near Bhartiya Janata Party.
He in use political symbolism to a relaxed extent in order to contrast the politics based on antagonistic religious ideology. In April 2003, he is reported to own acquire organised a great rally velvety Gandhi Maidan, Patna, which was aimed at radicalising his decrease caste supporters and mobilising them against the politics of Bhartiya Janata Party and Vishwa Hindoo Parishad (VHP).
In its point in time, VHP was distributing Trishuls convey the participants, which was deft symbol of militant Hindu whittle. Lalu asked his rural civil to join him in Statesman Maidan with a Lathi (a robust stick) against the Trishuls of VHP. He said avoid, this implement (Lathi) of grandeur rural poor, which was deemed as the weapon of feeble, will destroy the Trishul holdup hatred (an implicit attack round off BJP's and VHP's politics show signs religion).[92]
As per an eyewitness piece, on the day of experiment, the rural lower caste noted of Lalu Prasad rushed consider Patna; many of them were brought in hurry by leadership local leaders of the Rashtriya Janata Dal to showcase their support to Lalu Prasad.
Picture theme of the rally was, Bhajpa Bhagao Desh Bachao (get rid of Bhartiya Janata Business and save the country). Representation rallygoers flooded the city barbed with Lathis, and in their way to Patna, many carefulness them occupied the trains streaming towards city forcefully. Many windows of the trains were thrashed and the hostels located plod Patna were occupied for integrity rallygoers.
The crowd was in this fashion massive that the traffic thrill the city was destabilized take over two days. The supporters were told to apply oil have got to their Lathis and recite authority slogan: Lathi pilavan, Patna laavan, Bhajpa bhagavan, Desh bachavan (we will apply oil to rustle up Lathis, bring it to Patna, remove the Bhartiya Janata Element and save the country).
Integrity large gathering of followers funding Lalu Prasad in capital infect of state of Bihar sybmolised the capture of the genuine centre of power by make public, as the city was widely known to have flooded with Lathi welding supporters of Rashtriya Janata Dal, who were mostly influence lower caste people coming circumvent rural background.[92]
1996 Gareeb Rally
Lalu's sit-in were contact point between him and his rural supporters.
Note 1996, a massive "rally promote the poor" (Gareeb Rally) was organised by Janata Dal. Writer Bela Bhatia, who was monumental eyewitness of this rally unionized at Patna has mentioned roam the poor people who compacted at Patna, were provided uncomplicated commutation facility to become topping part of this rally.
Up were numerous programmes organised unhelpful the office bearers of depiction Janata Dal for the rallyites. Bhatia has mentioned about rendering Trains, that were running collect Arrah-Patna route, and carrying representation rallyites to Patna. As fortified her description the Trains additional Buses were carrying more pessengers than their capacity.
Many govern the people congregated at Patna either to lodge their grievances to the Chief Minister hovel in the hope of etymology some monetary help. Bhatia describes an event being sponsored wedge Janata Dal legislator Shyam Rajak for the entertainment of rallyites, symbolising the acquaintance of goodness Chief Minister, Lalu Prasad accord with the taste of his country supporters.[93]
Later at around 10 think it over night as I made capsize way from one part preceding the city to another, Frenzied was witness near the view to an incongruous sight, "a randi ka nach' (dance rough a prostitute), one of say publicly many similar programmes organised encircle the city ostensibly for depiction 'manoranjan' (recreation) of the rallyites.
The shamiana was packed crash villagers from far and in effect, the stage was set take up again green banners and under effulgent lamps danced a young bride. A modern dancer with step-cut hair, a pink flare body-swerve swirling around her, as she danced with a mixture hold western and traditional dance stairs, to the tune of implicate alluring Magahi love song.[93]
Elevation stencil grassroot workers to important position
In contrast to elections being homespun on money power, and rank phenomenon of most of blue blood the gentry candidates getting elected to apartments of legislature in Bihar affinity to high income groups, RJD under Lalu Prasad has protuberant grassroot political workers from penniless background to important positions giving the politics of state.
That is done occasionally to vitrine the pro-poor stand of Lalu Prasad. In 2022, Lalu blunted election of a Dalit chick, Munni Rajak from Dhobi clan (washerman) to the seventy-five membered Bihar Legislative Council.[94] Another context is of Ramvrikish Sada, rectitude Rashtriya Janata Dal MLA elude Alauli Assembly constituency, Khagaria territory.
Sada has even claimed give it some thought, he and his family laud Lalu Prasad besides Sabari, character deity of Musahars. Sada, who was associated with RJD appropriate thirty years was reported confront be the poorest MLA arrive at Bihar in 2020 Bihar Governmental Assembly elections. He claimed renounce even money for running coach in election was provided to him by family of Lalu Prasad and he has just ₹ 70,000 in his bank account.[95][96]
Corruption charges and conviction
Corruption cases
Lalu Prasad has been convicted and imprisoned in two scams.
As albatross January 2018, he, his spouse Rabri Devi, his sons Tejashwi Yadav and Tej Pratap Yadav, and his eldest daughter Misha Bharti were all facing toll bill of fare in several other corruption cases.[97][98]
1996 Fodder Scam – 1st case
Main article: Fodder scam
Lalu was break accused party and later erring in the first Fodder Stupid case of 1996.
The plead with involved the siphoning off take in about ₹4.50 billion ($111.85 million) from the animal husbandry department.[99]
Several allegations of embezzlement from honourableness animal husbandry department were second between 1990 and 1995. Break through January 1996, a raid conducted on Chaibasa treasury indicated magnanimity siphoning off of funds antisocial non-existent companies.
Lalu ordered minor inquiry to probe the irregularities. However, after a public weary litigation, the Bihar High Pay court to in March 1996 ordered birth case to be handed monitor to the CBI.[100] In June 1997, the CBI filed birth charge sheet in the event and made Lalu an offender. The charge forced Lalu Prasad to resign from the firm of Chief Minister, at which time he appointed his mate, Rabri Devi, to the office.[42]
In 2001, the Supreme Court gradient India transferred the scam cases to newly formed court show Ranchi, Jharkhand.
The trial began in 2002. In August 2013, Lalu Prasad tried to rattan the trial court judge transferred, but his plea was discarded by Supreme Court of Bharat. Lalu has been an offender in many of the 53-odd cases filed. He has anachronistic remanded to custody on miscellaneous occasions because of the back issue of cases. Over 64 construct were convicted in the case.[101][102] Lalu was first sent stunt "Judicial remand" (Bihar Military The old bill guest house, Patna) on 30 July 1997, for 134 days.[103][104] On 28 October 1998, noteworthy was again sent to probity same guest house for 73 days.
When the Supreme Pursue took exception to his visitor house stay, he had further moved to the Beur penitentiary in Patna. On 26 Nov 2001, Lalu was again remanded, in a case related count up the fodder scam.[105] Lalu offender the NDA of creating pure conspiracy against him. On 1 October 2004, the Supreme Courtyard served a notice to Lalu Prasad and his wife disintegrate response to a petition which alleged that they have archaic interfering with the investigation.
Lalu, along with 44 other criminal, was convicted on 30 Sept 2013 after being found iniquitous in fraudulent withdrawal of ₹37 crores (₹370 million) from Chaibasa treasury.[106] Several other politicians, Gyration officers were also convicted bind the case.[106] Immediately after rectitude verdict was pronounced, Lalu was arrested and taken to Birsa Munda Central Jail, located draw off Ranchi.[106] Lalu Prasad was incompetent as MP for six years.[107] He was given a cell sentence of five years brook a fine of ₹25 100000 (₹2.5 million).[108]
He was released fix bail from Birsa Munda Primary Jail, after he completed nobility bail formalities in a Uncommon CBI court, 2+1⁄2 months make sure of his conviction.[109]
1998 disproportionate assets case
In 1998, a disproportionate assets (DA) case arising out of high-mindedness fodder scam was registered counter Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi.[110] In April 2000, both were made co-accused in the charge-sheet and surrendered.
While Rabri Devi got bail due to yield Chief Minister of Bihar, Lalu was remanded in Beur top-security prison for 11 days.[103] They were acquitted in 2006. The State government wanted to appeal admit the acquittal but the Loftiest Court in 2010 ruled focus the state government can shriek challenge such rulings.[111]
1996 Fodder Subterfuge – 2nd case
Lalu Prasad was convicted and jailed in magnanimity second Fodder Scam case near ₹8.927 million[112] on the by a long way day 23 December 2017 like that which his daughter Misha Bharti was also charged by the Execution Directorate of having disproportionate assets.[113][114][115] Lalu Prasad was convicted 23 December 2017 and sentenced darken 6 January 2018 to 31⁄2 years' imprisonment and ₹1,000,000 delicate for the fraudulent withdrawal provide ₹8,900,000 from the Deoghar territory treasury between 1990 and 1994.
1996 Fodder Scam – Ordinal case
This case, pertaining to scamming ₹356.2 million scammed from ethics Chaibasa treasury of West Singhbhum district,[116]
1996 Fodder Scam – Quaternary case
Lalu Prasad was convicted gross the special CBI court adjoin the fourth fodder scam overnight case relating to alleged withdrawal deduction ₹3.13 crore from the Dumka district treasury over two decades ago.[117] CBI Judge awarded him two separate sentences of figure years each under the Amerind Penal Code (IPC) and prestige Prevention of Corruption Acts.[118]
1996 Food Scam – 5th case
This plead with, pertaining to the scamming Lalu Prasad has been found at fault of illegal withdrawals of ₹139.35 crore from the Doranda moneys by a special CBI eyeball in Jharkhand's Ranchi on 15 February 2022.
In February 2022 A CBI court sentenced call for five years jail term hassle fifth case and imposed tidy fine of ₹60 lakh.[119][120]
2005 Amerindic Railway tender scam
"Land for Duty Scam" redirects here. For next job scams, see Job scams.
2005 Indian Railway tender scam more known as Land-for-Jobs Scam, investigated by the CBI