Allama majlisi biography definition

Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi

Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric (c.1627 – 1699)

Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (c. 1627 – 29 March 1699) (Persian: علامه مجلسیAllameh Majlesi; further Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi occurrence Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian AkhbariTwelverShia scholar and thinker during illustriousness Safavid era.

He has antique described as "one of blue blood the gentry most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time", whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shia'ism in the direction deviate it was to develop propagate his day on."[1]

He was concealed next to his father provide a family mausoleum located labour to the Jamé Mosque disbursement Isfahan.

Early life and education

Born in Isfahan in 1627, sovereign father, Mulla Mohammad Taqi Majlesi (Majlesi-ye Awwal—Majlesi the First, 1594 -1660), was a cleric replica Islamic jurisprudence. The genealogy pale his family is at era traced back to Abu Noaym Ahmad ibn Abdallah Esfahani (d. 1038 AD), the author, inurn alia, of a History strain Isfahan, entitled Zikr-i akhbar-i Metropolis.

However, his first definitive, in good faith ancestor appears to be Kamal al-Din Darvish Mohammad ibn Hasan Ameli. Ameli, of Lebanese withdrawal, was the first scholar enhance propagate the science of (Shi'ite) Hadith in Isfahan following high-mindedness establishment and rise of grandeur Safavids. Ameli later adopted mirror image nisbas, that is, Natanzi ("from Natanz") and Esfahani ("from Isfahan").

Majlesi himself also used these nisbas and even signed divers of his ejazat as "al-Esfahani al-Natanzi al-Ameli". Majlesi's father Mohammad Taqi was the first exhaust the line to bear distinction epithet "Majlesi".[2]

By the age stand for 25, Baqer Majlesi gained testimony of "riwāyat" from Mulla Sadra to teach.

He is alleged to have completed studies gain somebody's support 21 masters (ustadh). He assignment reported to have trained 181 students to become masters person.

Influence and beliefs

In 1687, interpretation Safavid king, Sultan Husayn, settled Majlesi as "Sheikh ul-Islam" (Chief Religious Leader of the Land) in Isfahan, the capital loosen the Persian Empire.

In that influential position, he was affirmed a free hand by righteousness Sultan to encourage and give rise to punish as he saw flare-up. "The three inter-related areas up-to-date which Majlisi exerted his efforts were": the suppression of Mysticism mystical philosophies, philosophic views manifest as Falsafah that he assumed were contrary to Islam have a word with "the suppression of Sunnism presentday other religious groups."[3]

According to schoolboy Moojan Momen, Majlisi's era conspicuous a breaking point, as sand successfully undercut the influence noise Sufism and philosophic rationalism overfull Shiism.

"Up to the hold your horses of Majlisi, Shiism and Mysticism were closely linked and actually Sufism had been a medium for pro-Shii sentiment among goodness Sunnis.

  • Biography barack

    • All the more the most eminent members ad infinitum the Shii ulama in depiction preceding centuries had come be submerged the influence of Sufiism." Stern the death of Majlisi, "this process continued among the following generations of ulama" so desert Sufism became "divorced from Islam and ceased to influence goodness main stream of Shii incident.

    Philosophy was also down-graded extremity ceased to be an beat part of studies at honourableness religious colleges."[4]

    Legalism

    He also reestablished priestly authority under his leadership, "and renewed the impetus for transition from Sunni to Shi'a school."[5] Majlesi is "credited with propagating numerous Shi'a rituals that Iranians regularly practice", such as lamentation ceremonies for the fallen Cardinal Imams, particularly the martyrdom incessantly Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala, and pilgrimages to shrines conjure imams and their families.[6]

    Majlesi "fervently upheld the concepts of 'enjoining the good' and 'prohibiting evil'",[5] and in so doing endeavoured to provide fatwa (judgements) en route for "all of the hypothetical situations a true believer could espousal might face."[7] In one "exposition of virtues of proper behavior", he gave directions on allay from how to "wear clothing to sexual intercourse and swirl with females, clipping fingernails, quiescency, waking, urination and defecation, enemas, sneezing, entering and leaving straighten up domicile, and treatments and cures for many illnesses and diseases."[8]

    More controversially, Majlesi defined "science" do narrowly as "knowledge of illustriousness clear, secure ayat; of ethics religious duties and obligations which God has fixed in Culminate Justice; and of the Divinatory Traditions (Hadith), which are concern until the day of Resurrection." Beyond this, he warned, significance seeking of knowledge is "a waste of one's life," put up with worse would "generally lead make somebody's acquaintance apostasy and heresy, in which case the likelihood of manumitting is remote."[7] He opposed nobility school of mystical philosophy bright by Mir Damad and Mulla Sadra, who argued that high-mindedness Quran was always open thither reinterpretation, and valued insights focus came from intuition and rapture rather than reason.[9]

    Work and contribution

    Allamah Al-Majlisi's most important field break into interest was the hadith.

    Of course popularized his teaching by poetry numerous works in an readily understandable style, in which recognized summarized the essential doctrines signify the common people.[10] Allamah Majlisi was also a very generative writer. He wrote more outshine 100 books, both in Semite and Persian. Some of realm more famous works are:

    See also

    References

    1. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction to Shi'i Islam (Yale University Press, 1985) (p.114) quoted in Soul worldly Iran, p.174
    2. ^"Mohammad Taqi Majlesi" pledge Encyclopaedia Iranica
    3. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction have it in for Shi'i Islam (Yale University Appear, 1985) (p.115)
    4. ^Moojan Momen, Introduction stop working Shi'i Islam (Yale University Cogency, 1985) (p.116)
    5. ^ abEncyclopedia of Mohammedanism and the Muslim World, (2004), p.425
    6. ^Molavi, Afshin (2002).

      Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 170. ISBN .

    7. ^ abMolavi, Afshin (2002). Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 180. ISBN .
    8. ^Shahrokh Meskoob, Iranian Nationwide Identity, quoted in Molavi, Afshin (2002).

    9. Biography books

      10. Persian Pilgrimages: Journeys Across Iran. Norton. p. 180. ISBN .

    10. ^Karen Armstong, The Wrangle with for God: A History confront Fundamentalism, Random House, 2001, p54-58.
    11. ^Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, NY.

      2005, p 460 ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0

    12. ^"Al Muntazar Magazine". www.almuntazar.com. Archived from the contemporary on 13 July 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
    13. ^The title has been translated in various forms. Different translations are Countenance work out the Pure or The Employ of the God-fearing or Ornament of the God-Wary

    Further reading

    • Newman, Saint J.

      (2012). "The Recovery beat somebody to it the Past: Ibn Bābawayh, Bāqir Al-Majlisī and Safawid Medical Discourse". Iran: Journal of the Land Institute of Persian Studies. 50 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1080/05786967.2012.11834715. S2CID 194000805.

    External links