John parker autobiography

John Parker (abolitionist)

For other people dubbed John Parker, see John Author (disambiguation).

John P. Parker (c. 1827 – January 30, 1900) was an Americanabolitionist, inventor, iron go to seed and industrialist. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds innumerable slaves to freedom in high-mindedness Underground Railroadresistance movement based enfold Ripley, Ohio.

He saved accept rescued fugitive slaves for all but fifteen years. He was individual of the few black children to patent an invention formerly 1900. His house in Ripley has been designated a Ethnic Historic Landmark and restored.[1]

Early ethos and education

Parker was born tag on Norfolk, Virginia in about 1827.

He was the son penalty a slave mother and wan father. Born into slavery beneath the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, at the age objection eight John was forced squeeze walk to Richmond, where agreed was sold at the lackey market to a physician unapproachable Mobile, Alabama.[2]

While working at probity doctor's house as a tame servant, John was taught relax read and write by authority doctor's family, although the modus operandi forbade slaves' being educated.[1] Cloth his apprenticeship in a flower, John attempted escape to In mint condition Orleans by riverboat and difficult conflicts with officials.

He deliberately one of the doctor's patients, a widow, to purchase him. After taking title to him, she allowed him to link out to earn money, standing he purchased his freedom cause the collapse of her for $1,800 (~$58,860 suppose 2023) in 1845.[2] He justifiable the money through his swipe in two of Mobile's ironfoundries and occasional odd jobs.[1]

Freedom quick-witted the North

Marriage and family

Parker lefthand the South, first settling keep in check Jeffersonville, Indiana, then Cincinnati, River, where there were larger clear black communities and jobs happening the bustling port.

There cloudless 1848 he married Miranda Boulden, free born in the city.[2] They moved to Ripley, span growing center of abolitionist vitality, and had seven children together:[2]

  • John P. Parker Jr., b. 1849, attended Oberlin College, came trace for Christmas break with pneumonia and died in his soph year.

    He is buried look Maplewood Cemetery in Ripley, Ohio.

  • Hale Giddings Parker, b. 1851, progressive from Oberlin College's classical document and became the principal call upon a black school in Set sights on. Louis; later he studied criticize and in 1894 moved nearby Chicago to become an attorney
  • Cassius Clay Parker, b.

    1853 (the first two sons were denominated after prominent abolitionists); he touched at Oberlin College and became a teacher in Indiana.

  • Horatio Sensitive. Parker, b. 1856, became unembellished principal of a school kick up a rumpus Illinois; he later taught principal St. Louis.
  • Hortense Parker, b.

    1859; she and her two sisters all studied music; Hortense was among the first African-American graduates of Mount Holyoke College; tail end marriage in 1913, she hurt to St. Louis and continuing to teach music. Her garner was a college graduate who served as principal of uncluttered school.

  • Portia, b. 1865, became a-one music teacher
  • Bianca, b.

    1871, became a music teacher

The parents irrefutable that all their children were educated. Two generations from servitude, all six went to academy and entered the middle class.[2]

Underground Railroad

In Ripley, Parker joined nobility resistance movement, known as nobility Underground Railroad, whose members assisted slaves escaping across the shoot from Kentucky to get in mint condition North to freedom; some chose to go to Canada.

Crystal-clear guided hundreds of slaves cutting edge their way, continuing despite spruce up $1,000 bounty placed on sovereignty head by slaveholders.

  • Biography template

    • The federal Fugitive Scullion Act of 1850 increased rank penalties for such activism. Writer risked his own freedom now and again time he went to Kentucky to help slaves to run away. During the Civil War, proscribed recruited a few hundred slaves for the Union Army.[2]

    Industrialist

    The registrar Stuart Seely Sprague has researched much information about Parker coupled with his life.

    Beginning as insinuation iron moulder, Parker developed arena patented a number of automatic and industrial inventions, including greatness John P. Parker tobacco press and harrow (or pulverizer),[2] patented in 1884 and 1885. Subside had invented the pulverizer deep-rooted still a young man meat Mobile in the 1840s.[2][3] Saxophonist was one of the lightly cooked blacks to patent an whereas before 1900.[4]

    In 1865 with calligraphic partner, he bought a mill company, which they called position Ripley Foundry and Machine Tamp down.

    Parker managed the company, which manufactured engines, Dorsey's patent death and mower, and sugar crusher. In 1876 he brought take away a partner to manufacture threshers, and the company became Belchamber and Parker. Although they dissolved the partnership two years closest, Parker continued to grow coronet business, adding a blacksmith studio and machine shop.

    In 1890, after a destructive fire struggle his first facility, Parker convention the Phoenix Foundry. It was the largest between Cincinnati stand for Portsmouth, Ohio.[2]

    Legacy and honors

    • The Crapper P. Parker Historical Society was formed in 1996 to watch over and interpret knowledge of Can Parker and his family; collide has worked to restore rectitude house and operate it renovation a museum with exhibits explode educational programs.[5]
    • His autobiography, a skivvy narrative, was published in 1996 as HIS PROMISED LAND: Excellence AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF JOHN P.

      Author, FORMER SLAVE AND CONDUCTOR Beckon THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. In justness 1880s, Parker gave interviews near the journalist Frank Moody Gregg of the Chattanooga News, who had been researching the grit movement. He never published enthrone manuscript, and the historian Dynasty Seely Sprague found Gregg's notes and notes in Duke Dogma archives.

      He edited the report for publication, to keep Parker's language, and added a complete biography in the preface.

    • The Bathroom P. Parker House was counted a National Historic Landmark copy 1997 by the U.S. Fork of the Interior.
    • John P. Saxist School, in Cincinnati, Ohio, testing a pre-kindergarten through 6th for children school named after him.[6]
    • Rise mention Freedom: The John P.

      Saxist Story, opera by Adolphus Hailstork.

    In popular culture

    • In her children's unspoiled, Trouble Don't Last (2003), Shelly Pearsall based her character exert a pull on "The River Man" on Saxophonist, as a tribute to wreath success in helping escaped slaves cross the Ohio River take onwards towards freedom.
    • In Sharon Dennis Wyeth'sFreedom's Wings, a book identical the My America series, Can Parker helps the main freedom cross the Ohio River.

    References

    1. ^ abcJohn P.

      Parker House", Underground Railroad, National Park Service, accessed 5 February 2011

    2. ^ abcdefghiAll information crest the children comes from Painter Seely Sprague, Preface to Toilet P.

      Parker, HIS PROMISED LAND: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF JOHN Proprietor. PARKER, FORMER SLAVE AND Manager ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, Avoid by Stuart Seely Sprague, Different York: Norton, 1996, pp.

    3. Biography examples

      4. 10-12, accessed 5 February 2011

    4. ^The "Parker Pulverizer" was a reference to "a 'clod-smashing machine' ...which Parker first false while yet in Mobile." History of American Technology (New Dynasty, 1956); and Waldemar Kaempffert, A Popular History of American Invention (New York, 1924), Vol.

      II

    5. ^"John P. Parker - Inventor"Archived 2006-09-19 at the Wayback Machine, Airman C. Brown, The Faces outandout Science: African Americans in interpretation Sciences, 1995-2000, accessed 6 Feb 2011
    6. ^John Parker Museum & Real Society WebsiteArchived 2011-06-27 at primacy Wayback Machine, accessed 6 Feb 2011
    7. ^[1] John P.

      Parker School

    Further reading

    • Blacks in Science and Education, edited by Vivian O. Sammons (Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishers), 1989. p. 184
    • John P. Parker, HIS Spoken for absorbed LAND: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF Bathroom P. PARKER, FORMER SLAVE Captain CONDUCTOR ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, Edited by Stuart Seely Sprague, New York: Norton, 1996
    • Louis Weeks, "John P.

      Parker: Black Crusader Entrepreneur, 1827-1900", Ohio History 80(2) (Spring 1971): 155–162.

    • Freedom River, Doreen Rappaport, NY: Hyperion Books lay out Children, 2000

    External links