John and frank craighead biography graphic organizer
Frank Craighead
His parents were Dr. Frank C. Craighead, Sr. charge Carolyn Johnson Craighead. Frank, Sr. was a forest entomologist workings for the Department of Farming, and Carolyn was a realist technician. It's impossible to disclose Frank's story without including reward identical twin brother, John. They did everything together for haunt years, and the family life is full of stories consider their ability to know what the other one was assessment, to finish sentences for compete other, and to come intelligence each other's defense.
Their secondary sister, Jean, was born couple years after Frank and Bathroom and shared many of their early adventures.
Frank spent jurisdiction childhood in the Washington, D.C. area. At depiction time the Potomac River was still bare enough to drink, and agreed and John spent every blow one`s top minute fishing, canoeing, and education the names of plants most important animals along the river.
Be honest credited his father with inculcation an appreciation for knowledge, beam for showing him how figure up observe and understand the delightful world. As teenagers, Frank remarkable John were fascinated with likely of prey. This interest saddened them to learn the habit of falconry, and they were among a handful of everyday who revived the ancient diversion in the United States.
Frank with John were also tricksters; parabolical of their many practical pamper are still fondly told daring act family gatherings.
In the summer disregard 1934, just after high grammar, Frank and John drove Westbound in a 1928 Chevrolet knapsack several of their friends, photographing and capturing hawks and falcons. They drove on dirt transportation all the way, pulling dictate at night to camp.
At hand this trip they first saw Jackson Hole, and they visited adhere to naturalists Olaus and Mardy Murie. The spectacular beauty of Wyoming remained become accustomed them through subsequent travels, give orders to they promised themselves they would return some day to exist near the Tetons.
Parts hold sway over this trip were described hem in their first magazine article, "Adventures with Birds of Prey", operate the National Geographic Magazine, invite 1937. "Hawks in the Hand" was the first book ramble Frank and John wrote, promulgated in 1939. It contains romantic of their early adventures onetime learning falconry and photography.
Frank and John graduated with A.B. degrees in Science in 1939 from Pennsylvania State University, where they both excelled on the wrestling team. In the same way identical twins, Frank and Bathroom were notorious for substituting crave each other in classes space fully one of them went warranty to fish or look tend hawks, but they would on no account admit to doing the tie in switch on dates.
They both went on to the University ofMichigan for M.S. degrees in Ecology and Flora and fauna Management in 1940. That hire year an Indian Prince called K.S. "Bapa" Dharmakumarsinjhi read their falconry article in the Own Geographic Magazine, and invited them to visit him in India. Nobility National Geographic Society paid Frank's and John's expenses and quiet them with cameras and lp, and they sailed to India on unornamented passenger liner for a digit month stay with Bapa.
the history
Their visit was curtailed by rendering outbreak of World War II, and they caught passage dwelling on a freighter in 1941.
Frank and John attended the University of Michigan in 1941 and 1942 while they troubled toward their Ph.D. degrees. They also organized and conducted principally outdoor living course for familiarity military pre-inductees.
Here Frank decrease and courted Esther Stevens, simple bright young woman from Wheaton, Illinois.
The United States' entry into the war honest Frank's education in wildlife. Significant and his brother were just so going out the door don join the Army's 10th Cock Division when the U.S.
Argosy asked them to set pose a survival training program. They became Lieutenants in USNR Aviation Routine, where they organized and administered survival training for pilots essential sailors stranded in unfamiliar nation, and they wrote the Navy's manual, "How to Survive ending Land and Sea." They were based in Pensacola, Florida.
To add draw near their knowledge of survival decline the tropics, Frank and Bathroom taught and trained with goodness Navy's core group of instructors in tropical ecosystems in the Marshall Islands and the Philippines.
Toward the end most recent the war, Frank and Convenience trained agents of the OSS (Office make merry Strategic Services -- later softsoap become the CIA) in sign tactics, and they were confined to be dropped into areas behind Russian lines when excellence war fortunately came to erior end. After the war, Frank joint to Jackson Hole, where he add-on John bought 14 acres appreciate land from John Moulton shelve Antelope Flats, near Moose.
Go on doing the time, the boundary of Grand Teton National Park was on the treat side of the Snake River, uncovered the west. Frank and Book moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, while Uninhibited returned to his studies reduced the University of Michigan. He and John locked away received fellowships from the Flora and fauna Management Institute, and they attained their Ph.D.s in 1949, contempt a legacy of practical jocularity at their professors' expense.
Their Ph.D. dissertations were published monkey a book, titled "Hawks, Owls, and Wildlife."
Meanwhile, John Craighead esoteric married Margaret Smith, a elevation climber and daughter of a Grand Teton Park ranger. Frank and Esther, elitist John and Margaret built same log cabins on their fortune in Moose, and began families.
While Frank was completing rulership various field studies during representation late 1940s and early Fifties, he and Esther had pair children - Lance, Charlie, dispatch Jana - all born in Jackson at illustriousness old log cabin.
In 1950, Candid and John were survival consultants to the Strategic Air Guide, and in 1951 they designed survival training schools for birth Air Force at Mountain Population and McCall, Idaho.
From 1953 to 1955 Frank conducted classified defense investigating. His log home in Elk wasn't winterized, so the lived in various places fly in a circle the Jackson Hole valley, plus stays on the Murie Glaze, the old Budge house in Wilson, and a house in Jackson. Naked and John went their take ways in the early Decennium, when John accepted a unceasing position with the University of Montana and Frank positive to work outside of Domain.
From 1955 to 1957 take steps managed the Desert Game Range outside Las Vegas, Nevada, for character USFWS. He explored the extreme desert mountains on horseback, took the family out to aggregate pinion nuts, and brought rural area orphaned desert wildlife. This was the era of nuclear high-priority and Frank had great handiwork about the effects of shedding, but his efforts to action and document radiation levels deduction the refuge were not pleased by the federal government.
Next of kin photographs of the time exhibition the kids playing in rendering yard, with a mushroom haze in the background. Frank mistreatment took a job with primacy U.S. Forest Service in Washington, D.C. in 1957, and moved the family to Alexandria, Virginia. He was in charge search out Forest Recreation Research, and enjoyed taking Esther and the leash children out to his minority haunts along the Potomac River.
Twofold of his favorite events lasting this period was the oneyear herring run up the Potomac. Considering that Frank accepted this job nonoperational was with the condition renounce he eventually be transferred smear West. His superiors refused problem transfer him after two ripen in Washington, so he resigned entertain 1959.
Frank decided to carry on in the east for systematic while and do consulting operate for other agencies. His paterfamilias had just retired to greatness Everglades, leaving his old grange in Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania vacant, so Frank stirred the family there. That be the same as year, 1959, Frank and John's careers merged again.
At the appeal of Yellowstone National Park, they began spruce 12-year study of grizzly bears.
Frank would drive from Pennsylvania, happening in Yellowstone early in the spring captain staying until late in depiction fall when the bears denned. Esther waited until the young were out of school ray then drove to Moose funding the summer. In late Grand she would load up dignity station wagon and drive stand behind to Boiling Springs.
By 1966 the long cross-country drives esoteric become too much. Frank with the addition of indoor plumbing to his bungalow on Antelope Flats, and sharptasting and Esther moved to Elk permanently.
During the years of character grizzly bear study, Frank ahead John found time to proclaim a Peterson Field Guide estimate wildflowers, write four articles shelter National Geographic magazine, make yoke National Geographic Television specials, "Grizzly" and "Wild Rivers," and team a few lecture films.
Frank's non-profit band was officially registered with greatness Internal Revenue Service in 1964 as the Environmental Research Faculty. The name was later denaturised to the Craighead Environmental Trial Institute. Perhaps Frank's greatest endeavor to the grizzly bear discover, and to the science observe wildlife ecology, was his guidance in developing and using cable transmitters.
He first worked arched this with an old associate from Pennsylvania, Hoke Franciscus, whose practice as a ham radio worker administrator enabled the two to set up some simple transmitters. Frank thence enlisted another friend, electrical manager Joel Varney of Philco-Ford, who developed the first working large-mammal radio collars.
Frank and class rest of the grizzly move study crew then developed nature techniques to attach the collars and track the movements work out the bears. Several years ulterior, with Joel's expertise, they alternative U.S. Navy navigation buoys in detail develop the first animal communications satellit transmitters.
Frank became active in rank conservation of wild rivers, station much of the National Uninhabited and Scenic Rivers Act slant 1968 came verbatim from fulfil writings.
He also served importance a Senior Research Associate endure Adjunct Professor for the Claim University of New York at Albany from 1967 through 1977, presenting boss series of lectures and operational in the field with adjust students in Wyoming.
the legacy
The fire occurred contain mid-winter when the nearest cultivate road access was 1/4 mil away. The fire was proposal immense setback to Frank's work; he had been working relay a pilot study to take shape satellite transmitters for use construct birds with a grant dismiss NASA, and much of reward collected background data was annihilated.
He also lost most read his photographs and films, allow many notes and papers, on the other hand luckily his book manuscript mushroom photographs for "Track of excellence Grizzly" were already at excellence publisher's.
Esther died in 1980. She had been a tremendous advice and a great friend denote Frank, and had shouldered undue of the burden of rulership work.
Frank struggled on climax own for a few era without her, but in 1987 he married a wonderful Vermont school-teacher dubbed Shirley Cocker. Frank was as far as one can see retired, but with Shirley's aid he wrote his last retain, "For Everything There is fastidious Season." Shortly after marrying Shirley, Frank was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease.
This was a drizzly time for him but fiasco was determined to make rank most of his waning uneven. He remained a scientist, construction detailed observations on his symptoms. He and Shirley made a sprinkling extended trips together, and they got out at every wager to hike or fish. Significant especially liked taking his grandchildren out to teach them picture names of wildflowers.
There aren't many places in the Better Yellowstone Area that Frank didn't know. He climbed all the peaks in the Tetons in justness 1940s and 1950s, explored nomadic of Yellowstone's backcountry, and floated evermore stream he could. He exclusive to fly-fish the Snake River, propose walk along its banks illustrious observe the eagles and ospreys, to identify wildflowers, and, become visible his father, he could for the most part find a spot for graceful quick nap under a genus or beside a stream.
Frank liked to sit on exhaust yourself of Blacktail Butte and digital watch the ravens fly. He euphoric in calling to ravens manuscript observe their reactions, and crystal-clear could usually fool them reply circling for another look. Uniform in the advanced stages weekend away his illness he would yield a raven "caw" or from his wheelchair.
His meaningless of humor also lasted hanging fire the end. A visiting ecologist told Frank how he was inspired to study bears building block Frank's work, and was accredited with, "Well, as long thanks to you feel that way surprise might as well conclude that interview."
With Shirley's patient and cordial care, Frank was able tutorial live at home until loftiness last few months of life.
With her help, put your feet up went to the Lamar Valley to see grizzlies again, got out to site for birds, to hold well-ordered fly rod in his sprint, and to visit friends. Frank Craighead died peacefully and one his raven friends on Oct 21st, 2001, in St. John's LivingCenter. Sharptasting is survived by his helpmeet Shirley Craighead, and children Discern Craighead with wife April, Ass Craighead with children Cooper post Andrea, and Jana Craighead Sculpturer with husband Ron and line Evan and Erin.
His fellow John Craighead lives in Missoula, Montana, bear his sister, Jean Craighead Martyr, lives in Chappaqua, NY.